Dengue patient's body post-treatment may provide some antibodies that help fight covid-19: A survey-based study

Introduction

A new study analyzing the COVID-19 outbreak in India has established a link between the spread of the virus and previous outbreaks of dengue fever, suggesting exposure to the mosquito-transmitted disease. This may provide some level of immunity against COVID-19. The maps of the ongoing dengue epidemic and the COVID-19 pandemic do not overlap in global severity. Countries with high dengue endemism (>1.5 million cases/year) are less affected by COVID-19 in terms of infection, transmission and mortality. Based on the non-overlap of dengue and COVID-19 severity maps in general and the growing evidence of SARS-CoV-2 false-positivity in dengue antibody tests, we wonder whether dengue virus (DV) in highly dengue endemic countries denv) appears to provide some degree of protection against COVID-19 severity. 1 SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and recurrent dengue epidemics in tropical countries have turned into a global health threat even though both virus‐caused infections may only reveal light symptoms, they may also cause severe diseases. 2 The limited access to specific diagnostic tests for each disease differentiation between dengue and COVID-19 diagnoses is a challenge in tropical regions because of the similarity of symptoms and 3 Dengue virus infection affecting around 100 countries in the world and has become a global threat. 4 Dengue virus (DENV) is a member of the Flavivirus genus of single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that cause visceral and central nervous system disease in humans. DENV cycles in nature between humans and its two principal mosquito vectors (Aedes albo- pictus or Aedes aegypti). 5 Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bites of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. 6 Sudden dengue begins after an incubation period of 5–7 days (range, 3–10 days), and the course follows 3 phases: febrile, severe, and convalescing. Fever lasts for 2-7 days and may be bipartite. The most common symptom of dengue is fever with any of the following: Nausea, vomiting, Aches and pains (eye pain, typically behind the eyes, muscle, joint, or bone pain), Rash Symptoms of dengue typically last 2–7 days.6 In Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurred RNA viruses are non-fragmented positive-sense coronaviruses that belong to the family Coronaviridae and order Nidovirales and are broadly distributed in humans and other mammals.7 It is said that the virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks.6

The time taken by the symptoms to first appear on an infected individual. The incubation time for covid-19 commonly being around 5 days and ranges from 1-14 days. Common symptoms of SARS included cough, dyspnea, fever and occasionally watery diarrhea.8 SARS-CoV-infected patients recovered spontaneously without clinical intervention, while a small percentage succumbed to the disease. Here, we have described N protein-specific and S glycoprotein-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to characterize temporal changes in responses in infected patients who have either recovered from or succumbed to SARS-CoV infection. High and sustained levels were found for both N protein-specific and S glycoprotein-specific NAb responses in recovered patients, suggesting that antibody responses potentially play an important role in determining the final disease outcome of SARS-CoV-infected patients. 9 Due to the potential for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) to re-emerge, efforts are being made to develop a vaccine for control and prevention as a prophylactic strategy. Dengue virus, feline coronavirus and HIV virus take advantage of the anti-viral humoral immune response to infect host target cells. This is a mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE).10 Antibodies to protective and beneficial are generally, ADE phenomenon has been documented for dengue virus and other viruses. In SARS-CoV infection, ADE is mediated by the engagement of Fc receptors (FcRs) expressed on various immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages and B cells.11 Not only the respiratory tract but also the gastrointestinal tract and other organ systems are involved in infection with SARS-CoV. Other reports have highlighted direct SARS-CoV infection of hematopoietic cells. How the virus enters immune cells that do not express the SARS-CoV receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is unclear. Immune mediated infection and, in particular, antibody dependent enhancements (ADE) are known to be exploited by a variety of viruses, such as dengue virus, HIV, and animal coronaviruses.12

Materials and Methods

We conducted this study for an urban practice area community diagnosis survey conducted by Jodhpur, Rajasthan (India). Corona cases are increasing rapidly in India, but we have seen that people who have had dengue have developed immunity to fight against corona, this helps them to fight against corona. A group of 100 dengue patients were surveyed for their health status and socio-demographic factors. Information was collected about their current health status, condition etc. Data was analyzed by appropriate tools. To study the effective factors in fighting dengue patients' immunity after recovery from dengue in the body of dengue patients and with respect to dengue patients across the country; we selected, surveyed and interrogated them for having dengue. Later got infected with Covid-19. If this happens, then after recovering from Covid-19, your body's immunity has helped in fighting Covid-19. A questionnaire survey was used in this cross-sectional study. The questionnaire included items related to Demographics, from health professionals during health care Understanding the corona virus, and the facts behind why a dengue patient did not get infected with the corona virus. Information gathered on demographics includes age, gender; the average duration of consultation in relation to the formation of antibodies in the body of dengue patients in Covid-19 was recorded Participants' self-reports. Plus, We Asked Dengue Patients if health professionals had informed them about the following questions and if they understand them. The 4 questions were: 1) Are you infected with Dengue, 2) Have you been infected with Corona after being infected with Dengue, 3) If you treated with dengue then you infected with Covid-19, 4) If yes, was your body's immunity effective in fighting corona when you recover after being infected with dengue.

Result and Discussion

We had selected 100 dengue patients in this survey. In this survey, 56 percent were men and 43 percent were women. The average age of the population 27 was of the dengue patients studied, 69% were under the age of 19–27 years and about 20% were over the age of 28–40 years, 3% were 41–55 years old and women were 56 (56%) to 43 (43%) more likely. We asked some questions to 100 dengue patients, such were the questions. Statistical significance p < 0.50. The approximate p-value for t test for 6 observations, Table t test for tail probability p = 0.50.

Figure 1

Count of gender

Figure 2

Count of age.

Figure 3

Court of have you been infected with dengue ?

Figure 4

Count of have you been infected with dengue

Figure 5

Count of have you been infected with corona after getting infected with dengue.

Figure 6

Count of if you treated with dengue then you infected with covid-19.

Figure 7

If yes, was the immunity built up in your body effective in fighting corona when you recover after being infected with dengue?

Conclusion

In latest study analyzing Covid-19 outbreaks in Rajasthan (India) has found a link between the spread of the virus and previous outbreaks of dengue fever, which suggests that the spread of the mosquito-transmitted disease is likely to be associated with this research. In this survey it was found that not all patients who have had dengue before have been infected with corona. Exposure to dengue may provide some level of immunity against COVID-19. We found in our research that most of the men and women in the age group of 19-27 are not at risk of getting infected with corona after dengue, and we can also say that after recovering from dengue, some antibodies are formed in the body which helps in corona infection. Although little work has been done on this study and there is room for further scientific investigation. This research showed that dengue may confer some immunity against COVID-19. It is necessary to accumulate this indigenous knowledge through proper documentation and preserve it for future research. More research is needed on people who have dengue antibodies in their blood that can falsely test positive for COVID-19 antibodies, even if they have never been infected with the Covid-19.

Data Availability Statement

We do not wish to share our data before we have thoroughly analyzed. All data sources described in the study are directed at the corresponding author.

Ethical Approval

Ethical approval turned into now no longer required for this letter. All facts used are publicly accessible.

Source of Funding

None.

Competing Interest

All authors are, do now no longer record any conflicts of hobby with inside the writing of this letter.

Acknowledgment

We thankful way to all the honest and extraordinarily supporting pals for his or her assist and assist for the finishing touch of work. Last however now no longer the least, we grateful to all folks who cooperated and helped me immediately or circuitously to perform this work.