Introduction
The maximum population of India lives in rural areas and forests, and they use various parts of plants as food, medicine and other daily necessities.1 The tribes of India used medicinal plants from prehistoric time, and they continue to provide useful tools for treating various aliments2 More than 50,000 out of 4,22,000 flowering plants are used for medicinal purposes.3
The studies about traditional knowledge4 from many parts of the world have shown that the selection of traditional plants in practice is driven by both cultural ad environmental factors. Ethnobotanical 5 study looks at information about the tribes6 and people living in the areas especially traditional medicines7 that are prepared from plants, food habits, traditional agricultural practices, housing, arts and crafts made outside of plant products 8 etc. In India about 65% of the total and 85% of rural people 9 rely on traditional knowledge of health care. India is one of the mega biodiversity countries I the world with rich vegetation of about 45000 artificial vegetation.10 In Odisha different types of herbal drugs are used by practitioners of different villages. Now a day herbal medicine is safetest to use in compare to allopathic drugs. In Odisha different tribes11 are found using different parts of plants as medicines for treatment of liver diseases. The tribes include Bonda, Bhuyan, Savara, Santhal, Ho, Saora, Kondha, Khadia, Juang 12 which are found in various villages and forest pockets located in Odisha.
Table 1
Plant drugs used as single plant remeides against liver diseases by the tribal pockets of various districts of Odisha
These tribes use different parts of plant for treatment of liver diseases. Most of the tribal community44 maintain their culture, beliefs, customs, and tradition. They collect woods from different plants and also cultivate cereals, pulses and also use plants for treatment of aliments.
Nowadays developing countries are increasingly in an effort to prepare remedies for local health care systems and extensive research is underway to test the vast ethnobotanical knowledge of the treatment of various ailments. 45 More than 65% of the world's population in developing countries are dependent on phytomedicine for their treatment of aliments due to the easy availability and low cost of herbal medicines as suggested by the World health Organization. 46 The national community is usually engaged in agriculture and has sufficient knowledge of plants and their medicinal uses in the treatment of various foods 47 Due to deforestation and care less utilization of forests ethnomedicinal plants are under danger so it is essential to conserve valuable plants which are used as traditional medicine by the tribes 48 Odisha state is full of tribal people among which 62 tribes have been found to live in different forest pockets and districts of Odisha.49 A good number of medicinal plants have been identify from the various forest pockets region of odisha generally in the Similipal bio sphere reserve situated in Mayurbhanj district in that so many tribals people are residing and they are using different types of plant medicines. 50 The use of traditional medicine remains wide spread in developing countries while the use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing rapidly 51.
Objectives and justification of research
The present meta-analysis effort aims to represent the documented valuable ethno medicinal practices related to liver disease management and provide a collective information regarding herbs used in liver diseases.
iThis report creates awareness among the herbal drug practitioners and scientific community by providing a comprehensive data related to respiratory disease management.
This report give ideas about herbal remedies used by traditional healers or tribe for liver disease in different parts of Odisha.
Data presented 48 here is based on the outcome of field collection trips conducted during the period of 2016-17, in tribal domination forest areas. At least 3 collection trips were made to each tribal pocket in three different seasons. Information on the plant species was gathered from village headmen, knowledgeable informants and traditional healers. Interpreters were sought to facilitate conversation. Plant specimens49 were collected in the company of local informants to ensure that the proper plant had been obtained. The collected plants were correctly identified at IMMT Bhubaneswar, Odisha. All voucher specimens are deposited in the herbarium of the Institute.
Sl. No Tribal plant name plant used Nano Paticles characterization Inferenc
Result and discussion
In Odisha medicinal plants possess a distinctive position in folk medicine as well as their importance position in the sociocultural and spiritual arena of rural and tribal life in Odisha. This has helped traditional medicine and the use of medicinal plants to become an important part of Odisha’s cultural heritage. In Odisha, people in rural areas prefer treatment of various diseases by medicinal plants than by modern synthetic drugs which are expensive and because of difficulty to access medical services particularly in areas of conflicts and political instability. This review present data on 20 herbs evaluated scientifically as hepatoprotective using experimental models. From this review, it is clear that the medicinal plants play an important role in the treatment of a variety of conditions including liver diseases. Most medicinal plants are widely distributed in the rural areas.
Gold and silver nanoparticles used for antimicrobial and hepatoprotective activity Acacia catechu.
Conclusion
In this review
This review shows that some medicinal plants of Odisha have crucial role in protecting liver from chemical injuries using in vivo and in vitro models. Herbal drugs in Odisha play a vital role in the primary health care since 90 % of the Odisha people use medicinal plants to treat different diseases including liver disorders