- Visibility 255 Views
- Downloads 268 Downloads
- Permissions
- DOI 10.18231/j.ijpca.v.12.i.2.6
-
CrossMark
- Citation
A narrative review on common psychopharmacological disorders
Objective: This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of pharmacological treatments, clinical manifestations, and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms associated with common psychopharmacological disorders.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, with a focus on studies and review articles published within the past two decades.
Results: The review emphasizes critical neurobiological mechanisms, particularly the dysregulation of key neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It offers a comparative analysis of the therapeutic efficacy and adverse effect profiles of major classes of psychotropic medications, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and anxiolytics. Additionally, it provides a critical discussion of major treatment challenges, including drug resistance, side effects, and poor patient adherence.
Conclusions: Future directions highlight the development of novel therapeutic agents, the implementation of personalized medicine strategies, and the integration of psychotherapeutic approaches. Ongoing research and innovation in psychiatric pharmacotherapy remain crucial for enhancing treatment efficacy and improving patient outcomes.
References
- Gawande VS, Deshmukh S.P. Review of psychopharmacology. GSC Biol Pharma Sci, 2023;25(2):365–371.
- Butcher J, Mineka S, Hooley J, 2007. Abnormal psychology and modern life. 13th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
- Moriana, J.A., et al., 2017. Psychological treatments for mental disorders in adults: A review of the evidence of leading international organizations. Clin Psychol Rev, 54, pp.29–43.
- Solmi M, Radua J, Olivola M. Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Molecular Psychiatry, 2022;27, pp.281–295.
- Cherry K. A list of psychological disorders. Verywell Mind. 2025. Available From: https://www.verywellmind.com/a-list-of- psychological-disorders-2794776
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2022. Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx). 2022. Available at: https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/
- World Health Organization (WHO), n.d. mental disorders. 2025; Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/mental-disorders
- Westberg KH, Nyholm M, Nygren JM, Svedberg P. Mental health problems among young people—a scoping review of help-seeking. Int J Environ Res Pub Health, 2022;19:1430.
- Kao CH. Neurotransmitters and their influence on mental health disorders. Neuros Psychiatry: 2024;7(6):284–6.
- Thibaut F. Anxiety disorders: a review of current literature. Dialogu Clin Neurosci, 2017;19(2):87–88.
- Szuhany KL, Simon NM. Anxiety disorders: a review. JAMA, 2022;328(24), pp.2431–45. 120 Chouhan and Sharma / International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis 2025;12(2):116-120
- Almokhtar A. Anxiety: Insights into signs, symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. East African Scholars J Med Sci. 2019;2(10):580–91.
- WebMD, n.d. Anxiety disorders. Available From: https://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/anxiety-disorders.
- Garakani A, Murrough JW, Freire RC, Thom RP, Larkin K, Buono FD. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders: current and emerging treatment options. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 2020;p.595584.
- Grover S, Dutt A, Avasthi A. An overview of Indian research in depression. Indian J Psyc, 2010;52(1):178–88.
- Iyer K. Khan Z.A. Depression – a review. Research Journal of Recent Sci, 2012;1(4), pp.79–87.
- Blazer D.G. Depression in late life: review and commentary. J Gerontol Series A, 2003;58(3):249-65.
- Zenebe Y, Akele B, W/Selassie M, Necho M. Prevalence and determinants of depression among old age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Gen Psych, 2021;20(1):55.
- American Psychiatric Association, 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Goldman LS, Nielsen NH, Champion HC. Awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of depression. J Gen Int Med. 199;14(9):569–80.
- Swartz HA. Recognition and treatment of depression. Virtual Mentor, 2005;7(6), pp.virtualmentor.2005.7.6.cprl1-0506.
- Devinsky O, Vezzani A, O'Brien T. Epilepsy. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 4, 2018;p.18024.
- Stafstrom C.E. Carmant L. Seizures and epilepsy: an overview for neuroscientists. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med , 2015;5(6):022426.
- Beghi E.The epidemiology of epilepsy. Neuroepidemiology, 2020;54(2):185–91.
- Fisher RS, Boas VE, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia, 2005;46(4):470–2.
- World Health Organization (WHO), n.d. Epilepsy. 2025; Available From: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy
- Alshahrani YDA. Etiology and diagnosis challenges of epilepsy: review. Int J Healthcare Sci. 2018;4(2):2073-80.
- Manole AM, Sirbu CA, Mititelu MR, Vasiliu O, Lorusso L, Sirbu OM. et al. State of the art and challenges in epilepsy—A narrative review. J Personal Med. 2023;13(4):623.
- Kumar A, Singh A, Ekavali A. review on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and its management: an update. Pharmacol Rep. 2015;67(2):195–203.
- Knopman DS, Amieva H, Petersen RC. Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2021;7:33.
- Medical News Today, n.d. Alzheimer’s disease: Symptoms. 2025; Available From: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159442#symptoms
- McGirr S, Venegas C, Swaminathan A. Alzheimer’s disease: a brief review. J Exper Neurol, 2020;1(3):89–98.
- Schachter AS, Davis KL. Alzheimer's disease. Dialog Clin Neurosci. 2020;2(2):91–100.
- Radhakrishnan DM. Goyal V. Parkinson's disease: a review. Neurology India, 66(Supplement). 2018;26–35.
- DeMaagd G, Philip A. Parkinson's disease and its management: part 1: disease entity, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. Pharm Therap, 2015;40(8):504–32.
- Lee TK, Yankee EL. A review on Parkinson's disease treatment. Neuroimmunol Neuroinflam, 2021;8:222.
- Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 12th ed. 1991. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
- Foltynie T. Medical, surgical, and physical treatments for Parkinson's disease. Lancet, 2024;403(10423):305-24.
- Armstrong MJ. Okun MS. Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: a review. JAMA, 2020;323(6):548–60.
- Iarkov A, Barreto GE, Grizzell JA, Echeverria V. Strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: beyond dopamine. Front Aging Neurosci, 2020;12, p.4.
- Pardo-Moreno, T., García-Morales, V., Suleiman-Martos, S., Rivas- Domínguez, A., Mohamed-Mohamed, H., Ramos-Rodríguez, J.J., Melguizo-Rodríguez, L. and González-Acedo, A., 2023. Current treatments and new, tentative therapies for Parkinson’s disease. Pharmaceutics, 15(3), p.770.
- Wittchen HU, Hoyer J. Was ist klinische Psychologie? Definitionen, Konzepte und Modelle. In:Wittchen HU, Hoyer J, eds. Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2011;4–
- Selvapandiyan J, Das A, Singh G.P., 2024. Research on psychotherapy in India: A systematic review. Indian J Psychiatry, 2024;66(2):123–34.
- Barsaglini A, Sartori G, Benetti, S., Pettersson-Yeo W, Mechelli A. The effects of psychotherapy on brain function: A systematic and critical review. Progress in Neurob, 2014;114:1–14.
- Craighead WE, Craighead LW. The role of psychotherapy in treating psychiatric disorders. Med Clin North Am. 2001;85(3):617–29.
- Schultze-Lutter F, Schmid SJ, Theodoridou A. Psychopathology—a precision tool in need of re-sharpening. Front Psych, 2018;9:446.
- Jaspers K. General Psychopathology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1997; Vol-1, p. 594.
- Stanghellini G, Fuchs T. One Century of Karl Jaspers' General Psychopathology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.2013.
- Cambridge University Press, n.d. Psychopathology as the basic science of psychiatry. [online] Available From: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal- ofpsychiatry/article/psychopathology-as-the-basic-science-of psychiatry/A3C74C946774B8FF616C8C8971E65A1B
- Seo D, Patrick CJ, Kennealy PJ. Role of serotonin and dopamine system interactions in the neurobiology of impulsive aggression and its comorbidity with other clinical disorders. Aggress Violent Behav, 2008;13(5):383–95.
- Atlanta Psychiatric Medicine. Psychopharmacological intervention. 2025; Available From: https://atlantapsychiatricmedicine.com/psychopharmacological- intervention/
- Open Stax. Treating psychological disorders. Available From: https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontopsychology/chapter/chapter-13- treating-psychological-disorders/
How to Cite This Article
Vancouver
Chouhan AS, Sharma K. A narrative review on common psychopharmacological disorders [Internet]. Int J Pharm Chem Anal. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 03];12(2):116-120. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.v.12.i.2.6
APA
Chouhan, A. S., Sharma, K. (2025). A narrative review on common psychopharmacological disorders. Int J Pharm Chem Anal, 12(2), 116-120. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.v.12.i.2.6
MLA
Chouhan, Ashwin Singh, Sharma, Komal. "A narrative review on common psychopharmacological disorders." Int J Pharm Chem Anal, vol. 12, no. 2, 2025, pp. 116-120. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.v.12.i.2.6
Chicago
Chouhan, A. S., Sharma, K.. "A narrative review on common psychopharmacological disorders." Int J Pharm Chem Anal 12, no. 2 (2025): 116-120. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.v.12.i.2.6