A narrative review on common psychopharmacological disorders

• Author Details:   
• Ashwin Singh Chouhan
• Komal Sharma

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Objective: This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of pharmacological treatments, clinical manifestations, and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms associated with common psychopharmacological disorders.

Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, with a focus on studies and review articles published within the past two decades.

Results: The review emphasizes critical neurobiological mechanisms, particularly the dysregulation of key neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It offers a comparative analysis of the therapeutic efficacy and adverse effect profiles of major classes of psychotropic medications, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and anxiolytics. Additionally, it provides a critical discussion of major treatment challenges, including drug resistance, side effects, and poor patient adherence.

Conclusions: Future directions highlight the development of novel therapeutic agents, the implementation of personalized medicine strategies, and the integration of psychotherapeutic approaches. Ongoing research and innovation in psychiatric pharmacotherapy remain crucial for enhancing treatment efficacy and improving patient outcomes.