A solid's qualities are directly impacted by the way its molecules are arranged within. Consequently, creating connections among arrangement and attributes and creating practical materials require a grasp of the three-dimensional structure of matter. For the last century, X-ray crystallography has been the go-to technique for accurately defining molecular structure at the atomic level. A basic analytical technique that is frequently useful in the creation of new drugs is crystallography. Its characteristics include atom size, length, electron density, atom mean position, and so forth. It is a precise approach for analysing and identifying the molecule and molecular arrangement of crystals. The technique by which an x-ray beam scatters or distributes into multiple directions and assumes distinct patterns or forms as a result of the existence of crystalline particles is known as X-ray diffraction (XRD).X-ray diffraction and the crystallography technique are valuable in many different fields, including the pharmaceutical industry, nanotechnology, geology, electronics, mineralogy, geosciences, materials science, and medicine. These and other fields have rapidly advanced due to structural understanding derived from crystallographic studies.
Keywords: Bragg’s law, Crystallography, Diffraction, Diffraction methods, X-ray
